b'1 CanadaExternal collaboration in 2023 CAES IndustryUniversity National LaboratoryCOLLABORATION106 INLs LDRD program encourages collaboration across organizational, institutional, and geographical boundaries to advance the frontiers of science, technology, and engineering. Of the 407 researchers working on LDRD projects in fiscal year 2023, 106 of them were outside INL and represented RESEARCHERS OUTSIDE27 states and Canada. These external collaborators included 93 researchers from 39 universities, six researchers from three national laboratories, and seven researchers from different companies. OF INL COLLABORATED ON LDRD PROJECTS The Center for Advanced Energy Studies and the National University Consortium facilitate collaboration with particular research universities to further INLs mission. The Center for Advanced Energy Studies is a research and education consortium consisting of INL and the public research universities of Idaho: Boise State University, Idaho State University and University of Idaho. The National University Consortium includes the partner universities Massachusetts Institute of Technology, North Carolina State University, The Ohio State University, Oregon State University and University of New Mexico. Thirty-four researchers from these consortia were co-investigators 14 on LDRD projects in fiscal year 2023, and many more students and postdocs contributed.'