b'2 ELECTRICPOWER GRIDTo ensure our energy delivery system is secure, resilient, and reliable, INL operates a utility-scale electric grid test bed. It is a collection of specialized capabilities that creates a centralized location where government agencies, utility companies and equipment manufacturers work together to find solutions to many of the nations most pressing security issues.The Critical Infrastructure Test Range Complex (CITRC) is homeLoop-fed substations are linked with to INLs power grid test bed, featuring the commercial-grademodern SCADA systems and a dedicated Special Power Excursion Reactor Tests (SPERT) substation,fiber-optic communications networkRaghorn transmission line, Obsidian transmission substation,Loop-fed substations are linked with and several grid-edge test pads and laydown areas. Withmodern SCADA systems and a dedicated redundant lines, breakers, and relays, CITRC is ideal forfiber-optic communications networkcomponent and controller testing without disruption to critical loads. INLs expert line crew, engineers, researchers, and spare-component stock make CITRC a flexible and powerful tool forPower Qualitymany types of at-scale testing needs.INLs robust power-systems engineering, modeling, and This complex is an operational, commercially fed system thatanalysis capabilities at the power test bed collectively provides power on INLs sprawling 890-mi 2desert site. The testrepresent a rare resource across the U.S. Department of Energy bed includes:(DOE) laboratory complex. These systems support:Eleven substations, a control center, 78 miPower-quality and phenomenology studies associated of 138 kV transmission lines and multiplewith new equipment and system operationsdistribution circuits at 15 kV, 25 kV, or 35 kV High-fidelity measurement systems that capture Dedicated 16.5 mi of 138 kV transmission line usedtransients, harmonics, voltage, and currentsolely to conducting full-scale test experiments forDevelopment and full-scale testing of new technologies equipment like diesel generators, transformers,and devices for interoperability, operational gas-filled circuit breakers, switchgears, loadperformance, reliability, and resiliency contribution.banks, instrumentation, and battery trailersGeomagnetic-disturbance research and testing is also underway Sections of the grid can be isolated and reconfigured forwith several DOE offices that will employ INLs power testing integrated testing and demonstration of state-of-the-artto validate select protective-relay security methodologies power systems, components, and smart-grid technologiesand demonstrate, at scale, the effects that certain classes of Two-thirds of the United States (U.S.) distribution- cyberattack exploits could have on critical grid operations.class voltages alongside fiber connectivity, instrumentation, and smart-grid interface test points5 Capabilities Catalog'